Astronomy TEST: Formation of our galaxy, solar system, and planets
PLEASE MAKE SURE TO ADD THE PICTURES TO YOUR NOTES
Please take time to answer the following questions. Be sure to show your work when necessary and write neatly.
1. The Universe and Its Parts
A.Place the left column in order of size on the right. 0.5 points each line.
Elliptical Galaxy (largest) __________________________________
Saturn __________________________________
Sun __________________________________
Asteriod __________________________________
Universe (smallest)__________________________________
B. Which one of the previous words is approximately the same size as a solar nebula. 0.5 point for answer.
_____________________________ Hint: A Solar nebula turns into this.
C. What two forces balance each other in a solar nebula? 0.5 point for answer.
______________________ and ______________________
D. Fill in the blanks for the electromagnetic spectrum.
Radiowave – ____________________ – Infrared – ROYGBIV – Ultraviolet Ray – _______________ – Gamma Ray
E. What SIZE wavelength can be very dangerous to humans? ________________________
2. Planetesimals to Planets in a Solar System
A. Answer the following questions. Think about the 6 stages. 0.5 point for each answer.
What are TWO MAJOR WAYS that planetesimals develop into planets? Basically, how did they increase their mass
throughout the billions of years? ________________________ (indirect) &________________________(direct)
B. What TWO forces balance each other in a solar system. This means why are planets currently not crashing into the sun or moons crashing into planets. HINT: Think about the spinning gravity apparatus & it is a CENTRI- word. 0.5 point for each answer.
____________________________ (Spinning) & ____________________________ (Gravity)
C. Place TWO CIRCLES: One circle around the terrestrial planets (inner) and the Second around the gaseous planets (outer). 0.5 point for each circle.
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
What ELEMENTS on the periodic table are gas giants able to hold/attract. HINT: They have a very low mass and float easily here on Earth. 0.5 point for each element.
______________________ and ______________________
3. Planetary Motion
Use the drawing above for the following questions below.
A. Fill in the blanks above with the correct description of the drawing. 0.5 points each line.
B. ROTATION turns around _______________________________ &
REVOLUTION turns around ________________________________. 0.5 points each line.
C. Which object in the drawing has MORE gravitational force, X or Y? Why? 1.0 point for answer.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
D. Retrograde means that a planet’s axis is tilted beyond 90 degrees. Pluto, which is now a dwarf planet, rotated retrograded. Which TWO other planets rotate in a retrograde fashion? 0.5 points each line.
______________________ & ______________________
4. Laws of Motion
__________ Law of Motion
Use the drawing above to answer the following question. HINT: A swing in a kid’s park or the paddleball.
A. Which position(s) would Planet Phillip most likely be moving the SLOWEST in the picture P, Q, R, or S?
1.0 point for answer.
Position(s) ANS. ___________
Use the drawing below to answer the following question. HINT: A swing in a kid’s park or the paddleball.
B. Place a star (grey circle) in a position that planet Tori will move the SLOWEST at position R. 1.0 points for drawing.
___________ Law of Motion # (SPEED)
____________ Law of Motion # (SHAPE)
Use the drawing above to answer the following question. Eccentricity is the decimal value that relates to the shape of the orbit of an object.
C. Label the blanks in the drawing above. 0.5 points each line.
D. Calculate the eccentricity of the drawing above. Round answer to the hundredth place. SHOW YOUR WORK.
2.0 point for calculation and work. The fd=7 and the ma=12. Use this to figure out the eccentricity. E=fd/ma
E. Draw an ellipse in the space provided with an eccentricity of 0.0012. (Don’t try and calculate)
0.5 point for drawing.
F. Draw an ellipse in the space provided with an eccentricity of 0.9898. (Don’t try and calculate)
0.5 point for drawing.
Period of revolution of planets/satellites W, X, Y, & Z
_____________ Law of Motion # (PERIOD/TIME)
Use the drawing above to answer the following question.
G. Billy-Bob needs to figure out which planet has the SECOND SHORTEST period of revolution W, X, Y, or Z. Which is it?
Orbit Letter ____________ 1.0 point for answer.
H. Briefly explain the rule for distance from the sun and period of revolution. 1.0 point for answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
I. Briefly explain the rule for planet mass and period of rotation. 1.0 point for answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
J. Use information from letter I. There is a planet, named Zhaleh, that has twice the mass of Jupiter. If Jupiter rotates in 10 hours then would you expect Zhaleh to rotate in 8 or 12 hours and why?
1.0 point for answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
K. An Astronomical Unit (AU) is the measurement of the Earth to the Sun, 149,600,000 km. If Kahn, a moon of planet Chuck Norris, is 2,800,000,000 km away from Earth how many AU’s would it be? SHOW YOUR WORK. Round to hundredth place. 1.0 points for answer.
____________ AU
L. Use the line below each picture labeled “____ Law of Motion” to write the correct number law, 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Law of Motion. 0.5 point for each law.
5. Law of Gravitational Force
Use the drawing above to answer the following question. Your picture should be NEAT & DETAILED.
A. In this problem Jane and Joey are both 15 kg each. Draw Joey and Jane (bathroom stick figures) where Joey will have more gravitational force with Earth compared to Jane. 1.0 point for drawing.
B. In this problem Jane and Joey are both at the same altitude (height from the Earth). Draw a picture with captions so that it shows Jane having more gravitational force with the Earth compared to Joey. 1.0 point for drawing.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Use the drawing of Mr. Apostol’s desk for the following questions.
C. Suppose the cherry & banana are 2 meters apart. The cherry is 5 kgs. and the banana is 8 kgs. Calculate the Gravitational Force of the two objects. SHOW ALL WORK BELOW. 2.0 points for this answer.
Gravitational Force Ans. __________________________
D. SHORT ANSWER Any two objects have some gravitational force between them. Why don’t you and the person next to you crash into each other at this moment. (Do not try this in class) 1.0 point for answer. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
E. CIRCLE TWO of the objects from the picture above that have the most gravitational force (Assuming they all have the same mass). 1.0 point for answer.
APPLE BANANA CHERRY PINEAPPLE
**** EXTRA CREDIT-Bodies in Orbit (Think about the gravity apparatus from class.) 1.0 point for answer.
XC: What is the last name of who came up with the universal gravitation equation? ______________________
XC: What is the last name of who came up with the three laws of motion? ______________________
XC: Using the 3rd Law of Motion equation (P^2 = a^3) calculate the distance away from the sun (a) of object X.
“P” represents the period of revolution of planet X. “a” represents the distance away from the sun in Astronomical Units. SHOW ALL YOUR WORK.
Equation is P2 = a3
P = 8
a = ?
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